Process for treating a body of water

ABSTRACT

A process for treating a body of water in which a bioreactor and a water eductor are located in a body of water such that the eductor is submerged beneath the body of water to a depth of at least about 3 feet. The water eductor produces a water flow at a rate of at least about 60 feet per minute; the water flow is substantially parallel to the surface of the body of water. Water is also passed through a bioreactor that contains a plurality of bio-suspension elements within an enclosure located above a screen in the enclosure.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

This patent application claims priority based upon applicants'provisional patent application 60/346,578, filed on Jan. 8, 2002.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

A process for removing biodegradable materials from water in which thewater is contacted with biological microorganisms disposed on aplurality of bio-suspension elements; both a water eductor and abioreactor are used in this process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This patent application describes certain improvements upon thetechnology disclosed in applicant's prior patents, U.S. Pat. Nos.6,231,766 and 6,022,476, the entire disclosures of which are herebyincorporated by reference into this specification.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,022,476 discloses and claims a method for removingselected biodegradable materials from a body of water.

The process of the instant application is similar to the process of U.S.Pat. No. 6,231,766, comprising the steps off (a) disposing a pluralityof bio-suspension elements within an enclosure which is at leastpartially submerged in a body of water, wherein a screen is disposedwithin said enclosure, wherein said bio-suspension elements providesurfaces for supporting the growth of at least five different biologicalmicroorganisms, and wherein said bio-suspension elements are disposedabove said screen, (b) introducing said at least five differentbiological microorganisms into said enclosure along with said water (c)continuously agitating, aerating, and feeding said water into saidenclosure at a rate of at least about 20 feet per minute, (d) forcingair through said screen, whereby treated water is produced, and (e)continuously removing said treated water from said enclosure at a rateof at least about 20 feet per minute.

In general, and as is disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766,applicants' process involves removing selected biodegradable materialsfrom water. In the first step of this process, there is disposed aplurality of bio-suspension elements within an enclosure, wherein ascreen is disposed within said enclosure, wherein said bio-suspensionelements provide surfaces for supporting the growth of at least fivedifferent biological microorganisms, and wherein said bio-suspensionelements are disposed above said screen. In the second step of thisprocess, there is introduced said at least five different biologicalmicroorganisms into said enclosure along with said water, wherein saidwater is continuously agitated, aerated and preferably fed into saidenclosure at a rate of at least about 20 feet per minute. In the thirdstep of the process, air is forced through said screen, whereby treatedwater is produced. Treated water is continuously removed from theenclosure, preferably at a rate of at least 20 feet per minute.

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved, more efficientprocess for treating a body of water.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with this invention, there is provided a process fortreating a body of water. In the first step of this process, abioreactor and a water eductor are disposed in a body of water such thatthe water eductor is separated from the bioreactor by a distance of atleast 10 feet; the water eductor is disposed beneath the body of water,to a depth of at least about 3 feet; and the bioreactor is at leastpartially submerged in the body of water. In the second step of theprocess, water is moved through the water eductor at a rate of at leastabout 60 feet per minute while being aerated; the water flow produced bythe water eductor is substantially parallel to the surface of the bodyof water. In the third step of the process, water is passed through thebioreactor; the bioreactor used contains plurality of bio-suspensionelements within an enclosure, wherein a screen is disposed within saidenclosure, wherein said bio-suspension elements provide surfaces forsupporting the growth of at least five different biologicalmicroorganisms, and wherein said bio-suspension elements are disposedabove said screen; in this third step, there are introduced at leastfive different biological microorganisms into said enclosure along withsaid water, wherein said water is continuously agitated, aerated andpreferably fed into said enclosure at a rate of at least about 20 feetper minute; whereby treated water is produced, and the treated water iscontinuously removed from the enclosure, preferably at a rate of atleast 20 feet per minute.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described by reference to the specification and tothe enclosed drawings, in which the elements are described by likenumerals, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is side view of one preferred water treatment apparatus of theinvention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of another water treatment apparatus;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are side views of cleaning apparatuses of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cleaning apparatus that containslimestone nodules; of a preferred process of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a cleaning apparatus powered by solarpanels

FIG. 6 is schematic view of one process of the invention;

FIGS. 7A and 7B are side and end views, respectively, of anothercleaning apparatus of the invention;

FIGS. 8A and 8B are top and side views, respectively, of an eductorassembly used in the process of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a side view of one preferred water treatment apparatus 10 thatis disposed on land 12. The enclosure 14 treats the water in substantialaccordance with the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766 and insubstantial accordance with the preceding paragraph of thisspecification.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the enclosure 14 preferably has asubstantially cylindrical shape; see, e.g., FIG. 8 of U.S. Pat. No.6,231,766. However, unlike the embodiment depicted in such patent, theenclosure 14 depicted in FIG. 1 is preferably substantially closed.Thus, in this preferred embodiment, the pressure within the enclosure 14is higher than atmospheric pressure by from about 1 to about 2 poundsper square inch. In other words, the pressure within the enclosure 14 isfrom about 1 to about 2 pounds per square inch gauge.

Without wishing to bound to any particular theory, applicant believesthat the use of a closed, pressurized enclosure 14 helps facilitate theflow of the water through the enclosure and helps the enclosure avoidbecoming plugged.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, enclosure 14 is equipped withinspection ports 16 and 18 that allow visual inspection of the mediawithin the enclosure 14. The inspection ports 16 and 18 preferably canbe opened so that samples within the enclosure 14 can be removed andanalyzed.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the enclosure 14 is preferablyconstructed of high density polyethylene. The enclosure 14 is preferablysupported by a multiplicity of supports.

Disposed within enclosure 14 are a multiplicity of coarse bubblediffuser heads (“bubblers”) 22 that are operatively connected to one ormore sources of air 24, such as a positive displacement blower; in oneembodiment, the sources of air 24 are an air compressor (not shown).

The bubblers 22 are preferably uniformly disposed along the length ofthe enclosure 14 and are adjustable so that their air flows can be aimedin various directions.

In one embodiment, the bubblers 22 are uniformly spaced along the lengthof the enclosure 14. In another embodiment, the bubblers 22 arenon-uniformly spaced along the length of the enclosure 14. In eithercase, it is preferred to space such bubblers 22 so that the distancebetween adjacent bubblers is no greater than about 36 inches and,preferably, is no greater than about 30 inches.

For the sake of simplicity of representation, three sections ofenclosure 14, sections 21, 23, and 25, are depicted in FIG. 1. Thesection 21 preferably extends from about 20 to about 30 percent of thelength of the enclosure 14. The section 23 preferably extends from about30 to about 50 percent of the length of the enclosure 14. The section 25preferably extends from about 20 to about 40 percent of the length ofthe enclosure 14.

Within the section 21, the spacing between adjacent bubblers 22 is suchthat such bubblers are preferably no more than about 18 inches from eachother and, preferably are disposed so that their bubbles are directedinto a multiplicity of different directions.

Within the section 23, the spacing between adjacent bubblers 22 is suchthat such bubblers are from about 24 to about 40 inches from each other,and preferably from about 30 to about 36 inches from each other.

Within the section 25, the spacing between adjacent bubblers 22 ispreferably from about 12 to about 28 inches apart and, more preferably,from about 12 to about 24 inches apart.

The blower 24 is adjustable and can deliver air at various velocities.If inspection of the ports 16/18 reveals an undesired amount of biofilmbuild-up, then the blower 24 can be adjusted to increase the air flowand turbulence and thus decrease the biofilm build-up.

In one embodiment, for at 2.0″ diameter cylindrical enclosure 14, theblower 24 provides from about 250 to about 350 cubic feet per minute ofair. In this embodiment, the blower 24 preferably provides from about275 to about 325 cubic feet per minute of air. As will be apparent tothose skilled in the art, with differently sized and/or shapedenclosures 14, the amount of air so provided will be a function of theinternal volume of the enclosure.

Referring again to FIG. 1, and in the preferred embodiment depictedtherein, in addition to air from blower 24, aerated water is provided tothe enclosure 14 by aerator 26. One may use one or more of the aeratorsdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766. In one embodiment, for example,for a 2 inch diameter cylindrical enclosure 14, at least about 5.0pounds of oxygen per hour is introduced into enclosure 14 by the aerator26. It is preferred to introduce at least about 7.0 pounds of oxygen perhour into enclosure 14, for a 2″ diameter enclosure from aerator 26. Inembodiment, the aerator 26 introduces from about 5 to about 10 pounds ofoxygen per hour into enclosure.

In the apparatus and process depicted in FIG. 1, there is preferablyturbulent flow of the liquid within the enclosure 14.

The treated water within enclosure 14 preferably flows through theenclosure 14 in the direction of arrow 28 at a flow rate of at leastabout 30 feet per minute and, in one embodiment, preferably at leastabout 60 feet per minute.

Referring again to FIG. 1, and also to FIG. 7A, and in the preferredembodiment depicted, a screen 300 is disposed within the enclosure 14below a multiplicity of bio-suspension elements 107. This screen issimilar to the screen 300 that is depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766(and discussed at column 10 of such patent). The “screen 300” used inthe enclosure 14 is preferably made of fiberglass.

As is apparent to those skilled in the art, and with reference to claim1 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766, in applicant's process, the tubular orrectangular construction of the Floating System with high densitypolyethylene has at the one end (identified in this application as theInfluent Section component) with the jet aeration system drawing thelagoon wastewater into the bio-chamber and blowing the oxygenatedwastewater through the media resulting in considerable head pressure.The oxygenated and agitated waste water is exposed to applicationspecific bacteria (bio-film) on the media at a calculated minimumvelocity to be discharged at the other end as (identified in thisapplication as the Clarifier component) microbiologically treatedwastewater for re-circulation and continues inoculation within thelagoon system where it is ultimately clarified before discharge.

Referring again to FIG. 1, and in the preferred embodiment depictedtherein, the device 10 also is comprised of an influent sectioncomponent 15. In the preferred embodiment depicted, this section 15 ispreferably a rectangular structure which is 8′×8′×10′. This InfluentSection 15 receives influent wastewater (preferably by pumping) throughinfluent port 30. The influent port 30, in one embodiment, isconstructed of high density polyethylene and has a diameter of 8 inches.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, a clean-out port 32 is providedfor removing accumulated solids. The clean out process allows continuousoperation by trapping trash with trash grate 34 and thereafter sealingoff the accumulated trash from the Influent Section 15 with a shear gate36. As will be apparent, when the shear gate 36 is closed, the entiresection may be cleaned without shutting down the main operation.

On the upper sidewall 38 (and on the opposed sidewall, not shown) thereis disposed a recycle return port 40; the return port 40 is typically a16″ flange.

In one preferred embodiment, the recycle return port 40 is disposed at alower level than the clarifier port 42 disposed within clarifier 44.This arrangement facilitates the flow of water from clarifier 44 to port40 with gravity, via pipe 46.

In one embodiment, the recycle return ports 40 are located at both sidesof the influent section 15. Within the influent section 15 is preferablydisposed the diagonal trash grate 34, which preferably is constructed ofstainless steel.

In one embodiment, disposed on top of the influent section 15 are movingparts (such as elements 24 and 26) and electrical systems (not shown)for ease of operations and maintenance. An electrical cabinet (notshown) with a variable frequency drive is preferably disposed on top ofsuch section 15. A jet aerator 26 preferably provides velocity andcompressed atmospheric air for oxygen transfer into the wastewater; andthe blower system 24 preferably provides additional turbulence andoxygen for removal of mature biofilm and re-circulation of thewastewater for repeated treatment.

In one embodiment, the enclosure 14 is a pipe with an internal diameterof from about 60 to about 72 inches that is comprised of high densitypolyethylene; and the aerator 26 is a 7.5 horsepower jet aerator thatdelivers at least about 11 pounds of oxygen per hour to the system.

In another embodiment, not shown, the enclosure 14 is preferably an8′×8′×32′ rectangular reinforced device comprised of high densitypolyethylene to increase the volume and treatment capacity. Thisembodiment will be described elsewhere in this specification.

Referring again to FIG. 1, and in the preferred embodiment depictedtherein, the treated water from enclosure 14 is fed into clarifier 44.The influent section 15 and the clarifier section are connected with thebio-chamber 14. Using either an high density polyethylene enclosure 14(for low volume) or a rectangular sealed structure 14 (not shown inFIG. 1) for high volume for the bio-chamber to grow the bio-film onmedia, clean out ports 48/50 are preferably used for quality control. Inone embodiment, not shown, a movable ladder, much like the ones seen atairports, achieves safe access to the clean out ports.

The clarifier 44 preferably is a rectangular structure, preferably8′×8′×10′. This clarifier 44 is used for wastewater clarification andsludge separation to recirculate the suspended solids back into thehead-works for additional passes of treatment time. Clean out Ports48/50 for sludge accumulation are located on top of the clarifier 44where the sludge can be removed by a suction hose (not shown) to bedewatered with existing technology. Depending on the location of theunit and the application the sludge can be used as fertilizer ordewatered for use as fuel.

Referring again to FIG. 1, disposed within the clarifier 44 are steelbaffles 54 to retain solid material(s); the height and location of thesebaffles preferably will vary based upon the application.

In one embodiment, two such steel baffles 54 are disposed withinclarifier 44. The first such baffle 54 is adapted to separate heavysolid material(s), which then sink to the bottom 56 of the clarifier.The second such baffle 54 is adapted to restrain floating solidmaterials (such as grease, fats, oil, etc.) at point 58.

The sludge is separated from the treated wastewater at location 56.Thereafter, one preferably discharges the clarified wastewater througheffluent port 60. The water so discharged can go into sewer systems,rivers, ponds, lakes, oceans or closed systems for reuse as industrialwater or into a Water Reuse Component for potable water.

The clarifier 44 is preferably air tight and, consequently, has the samepressure (of from about 1 to about 2 pounds per square inch gauge.) asis present in the enclosure 14. Without wishing to be bound to anyparticular theory, applicant believe that this pressure will facilitatethe return of the treated water via pipe 46.

FIG. 2 is a top view of a device similar to that depicted in FIG. 1,from which unnecessary detail has been omitted for the sake ofsimplicity of representation. The device of FIG. 2 differs from thedevice of FIG. 1 in that: (a) it is comprised of two jet aerators 26rather than one, (b) it is comprised of a solids removal box 62, (c) andit is comprised of four rows of bubble diffusers 22, rows 64, 66, 68,and 70.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, four rows of such bubble diffusers22 are illustrated; each of these rows preferably has at least 16 suchbubble diffusers 22. In another embodiment, not shown, one can have twosuch rows, three such rows, or four or more such rows, and the like.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, structural supports 72, 74, 76,and 78 are disposed within the enclosure 14 to help support suchenclosure.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic representations of cleaning devices 100and 102. Each of the devices 100 and 102 is comprised of cleaningapparatus 10, that has been described elsewhere in this specification(see FIGS. 1 and 2).

In device 100, a relatively low-volume device 10 is depicted; thisdevice 10 treats from about 180,000 to about 300,000 gallons of waterper hour. In device 102, a relatively high-volume device is depictedthat treats at least about three times as much water as the low volumedevice. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the device 100 is19.6 square feet, and the cross-sectional area of the device 102 is 64square feet. The preferred low-volume device 100 can treat 1000 poundsof biological oxygen demand per day, whereas the preferred high-volumedevice 102 can treat up to 3,000 pounds of biological oxygen demand perday, or more.

Referring again to FIGS. 3A and 3B, each of devices 100 and 102 iscomprised of a water-reuse apparatus 80. In the embodiment, thewater-reuse component is a rectangular component that is 8′×8′×10′.

This water reuse component 80 is comprised of a feed tank 82, a feedpump 84 for pressurizing and transporting the water, a rough filtrationassembly 86, a fine filtration assembly 88, an insulated holding tank90, and a distribution pump 92.

The filters 86/88 preferably comprise a series of filters from bagfilters, cartridge filters or sand/multimedia filters to prevent quickclogging of membrane filters.

In one embodiment, membrane filters are used that are of less than 0.40porosity for water reuse according to the Environmental ProtectionAgency Surface Water Regulations. In this embodiment, such membranefilters demonstrate greater than 3 log removal of giardia cysts.

In each of the devices 100 and 102, means are provided for disinfectingthe treated water. Disinfection can be achieved by chlorination (seechlorine holding tank 94) or ultraviolet treatment. In this embodiment,a metering pump 95 provides metered amounts of the chlorine to a staticmixer 96, and the chlorine-containing potable water is then fed toholding tank 90, to be discharged back into the system with thedistribution pump 92.

A similar arrangement is shown in FIG. 3A, with the exception that ahydrogen peroxide holding tank 98 is used. The hydrogen peroxide is fedthrough a metering pump 95 to a ultraviolet/oxidation system 99 andthence to holding tank 90 and distribution pump 92.

In one embodiment, one or more chemicals are added to the system ofdevices 100 and/or 102 by the means disclosed in applicant's U.S. Pat.No. 6,022,476, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated byreference into this specification. This U.S. patent discloses theaddition of small amounts of measured substances. In the case of largequantities with chemicals for water or wastewater treatment, one may usefloating submerged rectangular structures (not shown) attached to theout flow end of the bio chamber (media section).

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cleaning apparatus 150 that containslimestone nodules 152. The cleaning apparatus 150 is preferably attachedto the output end of a floating unit, such as, e.g., the floating unitdepicted in FIG. 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766 and/or one of thebioreactors of this invention. Treated water from said output end is fedin the direction of arrows 154, and it contacts the limestone nodules152. Since limestone is mildly basic, it tends to neutralize the acidityof the acid water 156.

The cleaning apparatus 150, in the embodiment depicted, is preferablycaused to float on the surface of the water 156 by floating members 158and 160. In one embodiment, these floating members 158 and 160 consistessentially of high density polyethylene.

Disposed within the cleaning apparatus 150 are measuring sticks 162connected o plates 164 that, in turn, rest on the bed of limestonenodules 152. As the limestone nodules dissolve after neutralizing acidwater, the plates 164 descend in the direction of arrows 166. Thus,visual inspection of the heights of sticks 162 provides an indication ofthe amount of limestone remaining within cleaning unit 150.

The cleaning device 150 may be referred to as a “Floating Lime StoneCage” that preferably is located at the outflow end of the media (notshown), is preferably accessible from the water surface (for refilling),and can be inspected as to the dissolved rate of transferring lime intoLake water. The rate of dissolved limestone into a body of lake water isvariable and depends on the level of acidity and the velocity of thetreated water re-circulating through applicant's biosystem into the bodyof water.

Solar Power & Electrical Storage Component

As is illustrated in FIG. 5, the device 100 and/or the device 102 may bepowered by one or more conventional power supplies, such as fuel cells,solar panels, wave power, electrostrictive generators, and the like.

In the device 180 illustrated in FIG. 5, a multiplicity of solar panels182 are disposed to the side of the device 100. The solar panels may befloating, or on land, and/or attached to the device 102.

The output of the solar panels is fed via lines 184 to controller 186.The controller is adapted to convert the output of the solar panels 182to any form of direct, indirect, pulsed, or alternating current.

In one embodiment, the output from controller 186 is fed to one or morestorage devices 188. Any conventional storage devices may be used suchas, e.g., batteries, capacitors, etc. Alternatively, or additionally,the output from controller 186 is fed directly to the aerator(s) 26and/or the blower(s) 24. Alternatively, some or all of the powerrequired by these devices is fed from the storage device(s) 188 via line190.

In one embodiment, not shown, applicants' device has fiberglassrailings, which, in accordance with OSHA regulations, are at least 42″high, thereby allowing the solar power plates 182 to be attached for theentire length of the system. Total requirements of solar panels 182depend on the running time of providing electricity for the floatingbiosystems, which, in one embodiment, require a total of 10/11horsepower for operation. The practical application of solar power issuggested for extremely remote locations, where electricity or dieselgenerators are not available.

In one embodiment, the device 10 (see FIG. 1) does not require more than25 horsepower for operation.

In one embodiment, such as embodiment 180, a series of storage batteriesare needed for continuous operation. The electrical setup allows forintermittent operation from either the storage batteries to provideelectrical power, diesel generator power or power from the solar panels.

In one embodiment, transformers within the electrical cabinet alsoprovide power for standard outlets for operation of hand tools.

The mechanics of the solar panels 182 are preferably of such a nature,that, while in transport, they are secured and easily opened on site atthe appropriate angle for maximum sun exposure. At the expanded workingposition, a slight angle is necessary to allow for drainage of rain anddisposal of snow from the solar surface. A free flow of air currentsbetween the structure and the mechanics to support the solar panels isdesired to prevent damage from high winds.

Instrumentation Component

In one embodiment, attached to or within the electrical cabinet (notshown) is instrumentation as the specific application or the customerprocess control center may demand. The system can function thus as ascientific platform to give any data to any desired location, either bysatellite, cellular or radio frequency (RF), linked to telephone, pageror internet service. Remote sites with this instrumentation can beintegrated for process control and quality control.

A preferred process of the invention

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of one preferred process 300 fortreating a body of water 302, such as waste-water lagoon 302. In theprocess depicted, and in the preferred embodiment depicted, bioreactors304 and 306 are disposed within the lagoon 302. One may use from about 1to about 20 such bioreactors 304/306 and, preferably, from about 1 toabout 10 such bioreactors 304/306.

In the process depicted in FIG. 6, each of the bioreactors 304 and 306is preferably partially submerged in the body of water 302. This is bestillustrated in FIG. 7A, it will be seen that a portion 303 of thebioreactor 304 is submerged beneath the surface 305 of the body of water302 by a distance 307 of at least about 3 feet. In one embodiment,distance 307 is at least about 4 feet.

Referring again to FIG. 6, and in the embodiment depicted, it will beseen that a multiplicity of eductors 308/310/312 are also utilized inthe process. It is preferred to separate each eductor 308/310/312 fromeach adjacent bioreactor 304/306 by a distance 314 of at least about 10feet and, preferably, at least about 20 feet. In one embodiment, thedistance 314 is at least about 50 feet.

Referring again to FIG. 6, and also to FIG. 8B, it will be seen thateach of the eductors 308/310/312 is also submerged beneath surface 305of lagoon 302 by a distance 316 of at least about 3 feet and, morepreferably, at least about 6 feet.

In one embodiment, it is preferred that the distance 307 (see FIG. 7A)by which the bioreactor 304/306 is submerged beneath the water surface305 be at least 1 feet greater than the distance 316 by which theeductor 308/310/312 is submerged.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6, the bioreactors 304 and 306 areanchored to land 320 by means of cables 321, and by means of floatingdock 322. The eductors 308/310/312 also may be anchored to land by,e.g., cables 321.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are side and front views of a bioreactor 304 that issimilar to the bioreactor 10 depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766, theentire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in thisspecification. With regard to this bioreactor 10 (and also to bioreactor304), such U.S. patent discloses that “ . . . biofeeder 10 is comprisedof installation runners 14 which assist in the placement of thebiofeeder 10 within the body of water 12; in one embodiment, runners 14are filled with concrete or sand. Referring to FIG. 1, the runners 14will evenly distribute the weight of biobreeder 10 on the bank 16 of thebody of water 12 and readily allow the biobreeder to enter and/or exitsuch body of water 12.”

Such patent also discloses that “As will be apparent to those skilled inthe art, bank 16 and/or base 18 of body of water 12 is often coveredwith a water-impervious material, such as high density polyethylene. Thehigh density polyethylene liners, which are often also known as landfillliners, are well known to those skilled in the art and are described,e.g. in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,607,234, 5,597,194, 5,511,619 (abrasionresistant liner), U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,217 (landfill liner), U.S. Pat.No. 5,076,728, and the like”. The entire disclosure of U.S. Pat. Nos.5,511,619; 5,258,217 and 5,076,728 is hereby incorporated by referenceinto this specification.

The patent further discloses that “It is preferred that the sides, top,and bottom of frame 34 be clad with suitable retaining means so that thematerial disposed within such frame 34 cannot escape into the body ofwater 12. FIG. 5 is an exploded view of one preferred embodiment offrame 34 showing some suitable cladding. Referring to FIG. 5, it will beseen that sheet 48 of plastic material is attached to the right side offrame structure 34 by conventional means such as, e.g., plasticfasteners. In the embodiment depicted, sheet 48 is depicted as being anintegral structure. In another embodiment, not shown, sheet 48 may becomprised of several distinct sheets of plastic material which arejoined together by conventional means.”

Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, the bioreactor 304 preferably differs fromthe bioreactor 10 disclosed in such U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766 in that theaerator 26 is preferably disposed outside of the enclosure 14 withinwhich the biosuspension elements 107 are disposed. By comparison, andreferring again to element 10 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,766, the aerator108 therein is disposed within the enclosure within which thebiosuspension elements are disposed. Without wishing to be bound to anyparticular theory, applicants believe that the former arrangement issubstantially more efficient.

Referring again to FIGS. 7A and 7B, water is passed through thebioreactor 304 at a rate of at least 20 feet per minute and, morepreferably, at least about 30 feet per minute, in the direction of arrow325.

Simultaneously, and in the embodiment depicted, air is preferably forcedthrough screen 300 at a rate of from about 250 to about 350 cubic feetper minute of air.

Referring again to FIGS. 7A and 7B, and in the embodiment depicted, itwill be seen that the biosuspension elements 107 are disposed withinenclosure 14 but above screen 300. In one embodiment, at least a portionof such biosuspension elements 107 are contiguous with and supported bysuch screen 300.

Treated water is produced in zone 327 of the bioreactor 304 and removedtherefrom in the direction of arrow 325 at a rate of at least about 20feet per minute and, more preferably, at a rate of at least about 40feet per minute.

Referring again to FIGS. 7A and 7B, it will be seen that, disposedbeneath screen 300 are at least two bubblers 22 that provide flow of anoxygen-containing gas.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7A, at least about 6 bubblers 22 aredisposed beneath the screen 300 and provide oxygen-containing gas.Regardless of the number of such bubblers 22 used, it is preferred thatthey provide at least about 200 pounds of dissolved oxygen for each 24hours. In one embodiment, the multiplicity of bubblers 22 provides atleast about 250 pounds of dissolved oxygen each 24 hours.

Referring again to FIG. 7A, and in the preferred embodiment depictedtherein, disposed between adjacent bubblers 22 preferably is amanifold/fluid jet assembly 330 adapted to provide compressed fluid(such as air, liquid, etc). A compressor (not shown) is preferably usedto compress the fluid used in the system. As will be apparent, suchcompressed fluid may be intermittently used to remove accumulations ofdead biomass (not shown).

FIGS. 8A and 8B are top and side views, respectively, of water eductor308. This eductor 308, which preferably is submerged beneath the surface305 of water 302 by a distance of at least about 3 feet, is adapted tomove water through it at a rate of at least about 60 feet per minutewhile aerating such water.

In one embodiment, depicted in FIGS. 8A/8B, a submerged pump 336circulates lagoon water through a venturi 338 of eductor 308.

The lagoon water discharged from the eductor 308 flows in the directionof arrow 340 in a direction that is substantially parallel to thesurface 305 of water 302. As used herein, the term substantiallyparallel refers to plus or minus ten degrees.

Thus, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the submergedeductor 308 provides a water flow beneath the surface 305 that issubstantially parallel to such surface. Such water flow occurs at leastabout 3 feet beneath surface 305.

The eductor 308, in addition to providing the submerged, substantiallyparallel fluid flow, also aerates such fluid flow. Surface air is fedvia line 342 to venturi 338 which mixes such air with the water educted.

In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 8A and 8B, a flotation device 344 towhich the eductor 308 is connected by means of adjustable boom 346 isused. The adjustable boom 346 is preferably attached by means of cables321 to land 299. Power may be supplied to such a system by conventionalmeans such as, e.g., electrical cable 348.

In the embodiment depicted, the boom 346 is supported by a base 350.

It is to be understood that the aforementioned description isillustrative only and that changes can be made in the apparatus, in theingredients and their proportions, and in the sequence of combinationsand process steps, as well as in other aspects of the inventiondiscussed herein.

We claim:
 1. A process for treating a body of water, comprising thesteps of: (a) disposing a first bioreactor and a first water eductor insaid body of water, wherein:
 1. said first bioreactor is comprised of anenclosure, a screen disposed within said enclosure, and a plurality ofbio suspension units disposed above said screen,
 2. said bio suspensionunits provide surfaces for supporting the growth of at least fivedifferent biological microorganisms, and
 3. said first bioreactor isseparated from said first water eductor by a distance of at least about10 feet wherein said first bioreactor and said first water educator arefluidly connected such that output from said first bioreactor providesinput for said water eductor, and
 4. said water eductor is disposed atleast about 3 feet below the top surface of said body of water, (b)feeding water into said enclosure at a rate of at least about 20 feetper minute, (c) introducing said at least five different biologicalmicroorganisms into said enclosure, (d) moving water through said firstwater eductor at a rate of at least about 60 feet per minute to providea water flow in a direction that is substantially parallel to said topsurface of said body of water but that is disposed at least about 3 feetbelow said top surface of said body of water, and (e) removing treatedwater from said enclosure.
 2. The process as recited in claim 1,comprising the step of disposing said first bioreactor and a secondbioreactor within said body of water.
 3. The process as recited in claim1, wherein said at least a portion of said first bioreactor is submergedbeneath said top surface of said body of water to a depth of at leastabout 3 feet.
 4. The process as recited in claim 3, wherein said portionof said first bioreactor is submerged beneath said top surface of saidbody of water to a depth that is at least about 1 foot greater than thedepth said water eductor is submerged beneath said top surface of saidbody of water.
 5. The process as recited in claim 1, wherein said firstbioreactor is fixedly disposed in said body of water.
 6. The process asrecited in claim 5, wherein said first bioreactor is anchored to land.7. The process as recited in cairn 1, further comprising a dockconnected to said first bioreactor.
 8. The process as recited in claim1, wherein said aerator is disposed outside of said enclosure.
 9. Theprocess as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of passingair through said screen disposed within said enclosure.
 10. The processas recited in claim 9, wherein said air is passed through said screendisposed within said enclosure at a rate of from about 250 to about 350cubic feet per minute.
 11. The process as recited in claim 1, furthercomprising disposing at least two bubblers beneath said screen disposedwithin said enclosure.
 12. The process as recited in claim 11,comprising disposing at least six bubblers beneath said screen disposedwithin said enclosure.
 13. The process as recited in claim 12, whereinsaid six bubblers disposed beneath said screen provide at least 200pounds of dissolved oxygen during each 24 hours of operation.
 14. Theprocess as recited in claim 1, further comprising circulating waterthrough a submerged pump.
 15. The process as recited in claim 14,wherein said first water eductor is comprised of a venturi.
 16. Theprocess as recited in claim 15, wherein said submerged pump circulateswater through said venturi of said first water eductor.
 17. The processas recited in claim 16, further comprising the step of aerating waterwithin said first water eductor.